How Do Certain Food and Beverage

Despite all the conventional methods of analyzing the customers with all the physical and social and other factors, the actual statistics seem to differ tremendously from the estimated outcomes. This is because we as humans seem to bank heavily on emotions. Once the customer has some sort of emotional attachment with the outlet for whatsoever reasons, he is not going to opt for other places. The customer might now be considered loyal to the outlet. The customer wouldn’t prefer going to any of the competitors because he feels he has some sort of bond with the outlet. This emotional umbilical cord is very powerful as it is one of the easiest and the most effective ways to maintain customer loyalties. As they say, it is easier to retain the existing customers than it is to create new ones. The existing customers would always walk in with that feeling of homeliness and once this feeling of theirs is respected and catered, all the outlet has do is cash in. Existing customers don’t mind paying a little extra also because they’ve already grown used to the ambience and the way the outlet is run. Therefore, it should be profoundly important for the hotels and restaurants, to see to it that they lock in the customers as their regular guests. The hotels have to work hard to make sure that the customers don’t take away the business elsewhere. The loss of a regular customer is colossal. The hotel is just not losing that one customer but a lot more than that. All those people whom he had recommended the hotel in course of years would also develop negative thoughts and opinions about the outlet. This might be a very serious issue and often devastating for the hotel chains. Loyalty as such is the key factor in most businesses, but its impact is more clearly visible in the business of hospitality and hotel management. When compared to several other businesses, the one fact that stands out here is that the hospitality industry has a lot to do with how the customer actually feels about being at the place. This might include the food, the ambience, the customer satisfaction and several other factors. Hospitality has more to do with experience as against those of other industries who just sell products. There can be many ways in which this can be done, some hotels prefer giving free gifts, some give special privileges to their regular customers, some others give huge discounts. All these methods are simply aimed at encouraging customer loyalty. The hotels and restaurants should never miss a chance on maintaining and pleasing loyal customers given the fact that this emotional attachment is so very delicate yet powerful enough change the very course of several businesses. Research Problem: It is because of these above stated reasons that it becomes immensely important for the managers to study the science of loyalty management and learn how to implement it thoroughly. Discussion: Important concepts and theories, the background of the study: In simple terms, it can be said that in spite of all what the company the customer has an inherent tendency to keep looking for better alternatives, the analogy here is given by Leahy where the characteristic customer behavior is compared to that of a cat. A dog considered being man’s best friend because come what may it does not swerve its loyalties. However the customer behaves more like the cat and is always on the lookout for softer and more comfortable lap. The need of the hour is that the hotels should see to it that they provide this soft lap to the customers and always keep increasing the standard of their services. Leahy here compares the restaurants to the airlines; the airlines have been far more successful in maintaining loyal customers than the hospitality industry. Airlines have several clubs where the members are classified as gold, silver or other such members. The members of such clubs are offered free up gradation from economy to business class if the seats are free. However no such practice is noticed among the hotel managements. The article takes evidence from US consultancy Colloquy, noting that restaurants are lagging far behind other businesses in developing loyalty schemes. The article notes that in the United States, only 27. 2 million customers are part of restaurant loyalty schemes, while airlines have over 254. 4 million members for their loyalty schemes. Leahy further emphasizes that loyalty issues are to be taken very seriously in the restaurant business and it is very important to retain regular customers. The General Approach: There are many ways to retain regular customers, one such prominent way is the loyalty card, a technique which has now caught on even in big showrooms and jewel stores. The simple technique here is that every time the customer buys something, he is given certain points and once these points reach a certain value, the points can be exchanged for discounts or special offers. This not only keeps the customer coming back to your store but also helps in maintaining good relations. Once again this idea was an innovation of the aviation industry and it still needs to be implemented to a greater extent in the hospitality industry. According to CEFF (2007), loyalty cards schemes are a key factor in determining choice of hotel, airlines and restaurant chains by leisure travelers. Surveys have revealed that even though there are some customers who don’t quite bother about these loyalty cards, a good percentage about seventy percent of them admit that the loyalty cards played prominent roles in them determining their hotel or airlines. Literary Reviews and Opinions: Gomez, Arranz and Cillan (2006) argue that these loyalty programs yield two important results of interest, which may be applied to the hotel and restaurant hospitality sectors. Such a program creates to genres of customers. The first class of customers includes those who display more behavior loyalty than the others simply because they are emotionally aware that the hotel considers them more important than their counterparts which are not enrolled in any of the loyalty schemes. As in all businesses, emotion plays a very prominent role even in the hotel and management industry. Yet another thing that needs to be borne in mind is that the customer will not simply walk in to your outlet just because you have all these cards and offers. For example, however captivating and encouraging might be the scheme; the customer will come to your restaurant only when he feels like eating. You can never force the customer to increase the number of his visits, directly or indirectly. Research that compares consumer behavior before and after the introduction of a loyalty program show that there is no real difference in the number of visitors, or the amount of purchasing done (Gomez, Arranz, & Cillan, 2006). Here it is once again argued that loyalty program don’t quite generate new loyal customers but just help in retaining the existing loyal customers. As in any other business, the sole objective and the motive behind your business should be very clear, for example, if the customer doesn’t like your product, then all the management tactics in the world will not help him come to you. The bottom line is that what you offer the customer must stand up to his expectations. Trust and satisfaction are won by genuine effort and determination, there are no shortcuts, and the customer is smart enough to figure out what the actual standard of your restaurant is. According to Gomez, Arranz and Cillan (2006), effective loyalty can only come from customer attitudes such as satisfaction, trust and commitment. Loyalty based on simple repeated behavior is not very effective. Ethical Considerations: Unwanted effects of biased management: Some researchers argue that even though loyalty is a very important issue, it is very difficult to impress the customer through these roundabout techniques; the management needs to focus more on other basic issues like the maintenance and the quality of service. All these schemes and offers can only assist the growth, they can never be the sole reason for the growth and a sensible manager should never depend upon any of these. Lacey and Sneath (2006) argue that customer loyalty programs are not always fair to all consumers. The argument is assisted by the fact that such loyalty schemes only focus on a certain class of customers and not all customers. This creates negative hype and ill feeling among. The firm spends all the resources on pleasing the existing customers whom they assume to be loyal where as the new customers who might prove to be loyal customers in the future are just left to themselves. If this methodology is practiced in the long run, the organization might stand to lose many customers, the organization was so very considered about pleasing the existing customers that they forgot that they even have to generate new customers. â€Å"One of the basic principles of the company is remembering what it is that guests prefer when they are in your hotel,† explained (Ritz Carlton) spokeswoman Vivian Deuschl. Such an approach can even be dreadful at times. It is argued that the same quality service should be given to all the customers. Never should the restaurant make the mistake of pleasing one class of customers at the expense of others. Such a treatment might be very pleasing to the regular customer but even he will hesitate to recommend the restaurant to others because he knows that new customers are not treated well over there. Apart from all the above-mentioned ill effects, this practice is strongly condemned even on ethical grounds. The safest and the best alternative are to provide uniform treatment throughout to all the customers. This generates a positive attitude and helps a lot in business. There is no substitute to genuine hard work, determination and honest implementation of policies. As Jack Welch in his book Winning quotes â€Å"sorry, there are no shortcuts†. Hypothesis and Questions: The prime objectives: Rather than concentrating on these hypothetical concerns, the restaurant should be bothered more about improving service delivery, bakery products, and cooking. Lacey and Sneath further argue that customers who are not a part of such loyalty schemes are often discriminated against and this is very unpleasant for the customer as well as a loss in revenue for the management. Langenderfer & Cook (2004), Petty (2000) throw light on a very important aspect here. The customer databases are rich with information and are excellent resources and if by chance this data ends up in wrong hands, t can be very taxing for the customers. If such a thing happens, then it would be a clear exploitation of customer rights and a breach of moral and ethical values. The customer would then obviously hesitate to become a member of any such loyalty schemes in future. Wendlandt & Schrader (2007) come up with yet another intriguing question, they argue that all these schemes at times might even backfire and in fact cause more loss to the organization. As an able manager, the first that needs to be firmly affixed in mind is that we as humans are more effected by emotional happenings than anything else. Once the person is emotionally troubled or if he even perceives that he is being manipulated, even the most loyal of the customers will give up. The customer might get frustrated by all these and begin to think that all these tricks only serve as gimmicks and in fact react exactly in a way opposite to what is expected of him. Smartly designed loyalty schemes however can actually avoid reactance of this type. For example, a loyalty scheme that offers long-term financial rewards that have to be gathered over repeat visits will probably avoid reactance (Wendlandt & Schrader, 2007). However, long-term loyalty schemes can also be less effective at retaining regular customers. Kirby (2007) has yet another way of seeing the same scenario, the argument here is that it is more beneficial to serve customers as people rather than targeting on their customer profiles. The argument here is that rather than treating loyalty as just another part of the charm game, the hotels should earn repeat business by offering excellent services based on remembered and recorded client preferences (Kirby, 2007). If hotels invest in tracking guest preferences and provide a superior service through the use of Customer Relationship Management (CRM), the customer will automatically be retained. Weinstein (2004) further argues that the ambience and the feel of the place are also very important. Always remember that the customer might forget what he came for, why he came, when he came etc but he is never going to forget how it felt to be there with you. In the book the â€Å"Ice Cream Maker†, a book on the concept of six sigma, the author argues that in a departmental store or a shopping mall, it takes an average of seven to eight seconds for the customer to pass by your restaurant, it is in this minute fragment of time that we have to impress the customer that our outlet is actually worth a visit. To make the customer ‘feel’ something is an enormous challenge in its own right. Therefore, it is well worth going the extra mile to provide extra amenities to impress guests into engaging in repeat business (Weinstein, 2004). Some of the 5 star chains in Dubai follow this strategy, hoping to get repeat business by pampering even walk-in customers. Research Questions: To summarize we can say that all the literature on loyalty is divided into two categories both conflicting each other. The first category, is those who advocate the loyalty schemes to lock in customers and make sure that they patronize and prefer certain restaurants in place of the other. Some researchers even argue that such a type of management might even be unethical. The second category of advisors are those who emphasize on the importance of personalized service, remembering customer preferences, and offering amenities to keep customers coming back. They note that rather than discriminating customers, their stand is that hotels, restaurants and other businesses should keep service standards high across the board. As a manager we are faced with the question that when and to what extent which of these methodologies or logics are to implemented? What is to be given more importance and how are customers, both old and new to be dealt with? Should the approach to both these parties be same or different? What is it that needs to be done so that all the parties are happy and content? How are we going to satisfy the emotional requirements of our customers? Jang and Mattila (2005) throw light on yet another trend. Their basic argument is that the manager must learn to understand the customer needs and requirements and react accordingly, for example, if the customer is expecting monetary benefits, then he must simply be given so, instead if the hotel argues that the customer be given only the free spa session or a free buffet lunch against his will, then it is only obvious that none of the parties is happy. The customer is displeased because he is given something free of cost something he actually has no desire for. The hotel has used up its employees and other resources for the same purpose, which was not at all fruitful. Thus, such a decision has a negative impact on all parties. Jang and Matilla further note that at times immediate cash discounts are also not the solutions to the problem. Also, while customers may want immediate rewards, it usually suits managers to delay gratification in order to ensure repeat business. Also, there is less guilt associated with luxury rewards if they’ve worked up to them over a period of time. It is also noted that there is a very strong potential for developing such programs in the hospitality industry. The transactions involved and the formalities taken up during the process of loyalty offers should be made very convenient and comfortable. The customers should not be penalized to show their loyalty cards every time; the hotels should remember the customers and work towards serving them better. Data Management and Analysis and Budget considerations and timelines: Statistics will provide all sorts of data from all sorts of places. This data might vary over decades of research or even more, the right management comes from the fact that the manager should be able to pick up the right data and study it accordingly, wrongly directed research or haywire policy implementation is sure to spell doom for the company. Therefore, it is of profound importance that the right data be chosen from all perspectives, the implementation schemes should not be so costly that the management suffers because of these, after all management is all about producing the best possible results in the minimum possible expenditure. Also, the time limits should also be adhered to very strictly. What might be a huge success in summer might be a complete failure in winter. If the set goals are not achieved within the given time limits, then the entire purpose of research is flawed. Conclusion: There is no dearth of literature as far as the loyalty issue is concerned. Managers realize very well that there is more to management than just analyzing theories, real problems need real and innovative approaches, and not everything can be solved from the books. Able managers know for a certainty that all what is in research papers is just conjectures and even if a particular scheme or technique worked very well in a particular hotel or restaurant, there is no guarantee that it will produce the same or similar results elsewhere or even the same hotel the next year. Trends change, people change, their needs and expectations change, every year researchers come up with new theories. The key to being a successful manager is to have the right instincts and realize where to draw the line. It might be noted that the manager should not go to extremes, as an example he might be so puffed up with confidence that he turns a deaf year to the researchers or for that matter is so engrossed in the research that he forgets that he has to deal with real life situations. Coming to the issue of hotel management and the hospitality industry, the first and the foremost thing that should be firmly affirmed in the mind is that unless and until the product and services are up to the mark and stand valid in front of the customers’ expectations, no amount of management hoopla can help the cause. The hotel management should be more concerned about the quality of service and other basic but very important factors. Only when these issues are properly and sensibly addressed to and resolved can the management think of anything else. The loyalty considerations are also to be dealt with great care and delicacy. It is but natural that the older customer will expect better services and the new customers would want their privileges to be on par with those of everyone else. This is where the elegance of the manager comes handy. The manager should be able to glide between such scenarios always keeping in mind the benefit of the employees and should also be successful enough to generate the maximum possible revenue.

Vehicle On Board Electronic System Suffer Interference Engineering Essay

As modern engineering is more forward, the demand from clients and vehicle makers to put in Numberss of electrical and electronic systems into cars has dramatically increased. The lifting demand lead to onboard sophisticated electronic control systems in cars to heighten driver comfort and vehicle safety. These systems include Control Area Networks ( CAN ) , Engine Management Systems ( EMS ) , Anti-Lock Braking Systems ( ABS ) , safety systems, communications, Mobile, wireless headsets, amusement systems, assortment of DC motors and accountants. The physical size of most vehicle instruments used are reduced dramatically due to demanding light weight cars for better public presentation. As system goes smaller it becomes more complex with package embedded on electronics. As more systems present big figure of wires need to be installed to link them, therefore increasing the cost of fabricating. To cut down cost and weight all modern vehicles makers are be aftering to travel radio or usage CAN coach multiplex wiring system. Puting big figure of electronic and electrical system on vehicle in little confined infinite is still a job with Electromagnetic Interference ( EMI ) of these systems from interfering with each other doing cross talk ( radiated and conducted emanations ) . If these systems are non controlled decently they may neglect or do terrible jobs, because as an unfortunate all electronics suffer any kind of intervention. Embedded microcontrollers are used in assortment of vehicle systems such as EMS. The two major EMI menaces interior decorators presently concentrating are susceptibleness ( victim of EMI ) and unsusceptibility ( beginning of EMI ) . This appraisal is focused on EMC issues in vehicle electronics chiefly on car engine direction system. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.vehicle-lab.net/Pics/ecu.jpg Fig.1 Developing engineering in modern car industry, computing machines got involved with cars and their engines. Modern engine ‘s operation is now controlled by computing machines ECU ( Engine Control Unit ) which are besides called as EMS ( Engine direction System ) . The EMS controls the maps of the engine and allows a proper direction of the engine ‘s operations utilizing a assortment of detectors. Modern Engine Control Units were introduced due to the technological promotion to implant microprocessors ( CPU ) that were fast adequate to supply a real-time operation. Further promotion of vehicle electronics made EMC a major issue. Engine direction Systems are largely affected by several factors including rough environments. The automotive environment contains several menaces including power transients, wireless frequence intervention ( external and onboard wireless senders and receiving systems ) electrostatic discharge and power line electric and magnetic Fieldss. Fortunately these jobs can be overcome through good EMI design techniques. Due to EMI most modern engines which are controlled by EMS started responding adversely. Some issues were vehicles experienced drawn-out acceleration without drivers purpose, engines cut off or cruise control accelerates the auto beyond drivers control.EMC Issues Associated with EMS:As engineering is rapidly progressing, car makers are seeking to do more safe autos and practically modern vehicles are safer than earlier but still EMI jobs can do some terrible accidents. As autos can travel anyplace interference caused to its onboard electronics is sometimes unpredictable. The few jobs of EMI are electrostatic discharge from worlds, power line Fieldss ( transformers ) , radio frequence unsusceptibility, wayside broadcast, cellular telephone, airfield radio detection and ranging systems, autos ain systems ( chief cause of power transient ) and many more. There is besides major job of EMI which can do to vehicles such as, after an accident vehicle is repaired, when proprietors modify the m by adding extra amusement systems onboard or by external organic structure alterations. If these alterations are done by utilizing devices or systems which are non of EMC criterions this can do extra jobs of EMI by get the better ofing the intervention control steps placed by original vehicle maker. The chief mechanisms that produce EMI are: – Conductive Emissions: It is generated by exchanging of solenoids in gear box, relays and by commuting of electric motors. These are transient in nature. The emanations are conducted along the wiring harness and spread into the power supply terminuss of onboard electronic systems. These transients get coupled inductively or capacitively into signal leads of assorted systems. Conductive Susceptibility: These high electromotive force transients get superimposed into vehicle power supply of 12v or 24v and can significantly harm the electronic systems of the vehicle. Radiated Emissions: Radiated emanations arise from two beginnings in the vehicle. Conducted transients which are generated by electrical systems which starts breathing radiation since the wiring harness acts as an forward pass. Emissions from electronic systems which involve high velocity logic such as microprocessor circuitry. Harmonicss generated from clock pulsations of 1MHZ or greater which extend over 100MHz. These are either radiated straight from the system ( microprocessor ) or from the wiring harness. Radiated emanations from ignition system besides interfere with other vehicles or with domestic receiving systems. Radiated Susceptibility: Since vehicle in an built-in mode is likely to be a good conducting organic structure as it is subjected to harsh electromagnetic environment onboard and nomadic transceivers. Highest rate of jobs at 20-200MHz set is due to wiring harness and vehicle organic structure itself. The fixed onboard senders around the vehicle produce great sum of power but comparatively less field strength, but nomadic senders are opposite by breathing less power with greater field strengths impacting more on host and next vehicle. Therefore illustrated by citing the undermentioned equation Tocopherol = ( v30PG ) /r v/m Here ‘E ‘ is the field strength in ( v/m ) produced by an aerial with radiated power as ‘P ‘ ( W ) and ‘r ‘ ( m ) is the distance between the beginning and victim. ‘G ‘ is antenna addition. See the instance were pretermiting antenna addition were on-board sender emits radiations on ECU. Assuming distance between the beginning and victim is 1m or less in instance between circuit constituents. The power dissipated is assumed as 10W. The field strength experienced by the vehicle is calculated as E = [ v ( 30*10 ) ] /1 = 17.32 v/m From the above equation its clearly seeable that the field strength is straight relative to radiated power and reciprocally relative to distance between matching constituents. If either distance is reduced and power radiated is more the field strength will be high.Methods to better system public presentation:If EMC issues have to be improved in modern electronics of car, jobs happening in the design procedure of such systems should be controlled and if it is non done in the design procedure it becomes hard and more expensive to manage it subsequently. Although it is impossible to command emanations such as RF intervention, electrostatic discharge, magnetic Fieldss and many other EMI from external beginnings. Merely proper shielding, filtrating and anchoring of such onboard systems could cut down the hazard of intervention on them. Few EMI decrease methods on circuit degree design of electronic systems: Try traveling most of the constituents to PCBA ( Printed Circuit Board Assembly ) and seek good screening techniques on them. Use less noisy constituents in circuit so that it least interfere with each other. Reducing matching between circuits by good physical separation for EMI. Minimizing the land cringle from the circuit back to the power supply and by cut downing the land electric resistance by proper anchoring theoretical account. Using ferrite merchandises as it acts as an absorber of EMI energy by breathing less sum of heat. Reducing capacitive and inductive yoke of microprocessor and other IC ‘s ( incorporate microcontrollers ) by cut downing the rise clip of pulsations as this procedure decreases the higher frequence constituents of the signal by cut downing harmonics. To command noise, the noisy leads should be twisted together as this method will diminish the country of cringle by diminishing magnetic yoke. If shielding could be done on these twisted leads a better solution for the job could be achieved. The leads which are go forthing the shielded country should be filtered every bit good. In autos human body is used as common land, if most of the overseas telegrams are placed near human body it will minimise inductive yoke of wires with other constituents. The length of overseas telegram used in vehicles should ever be kept every bit short as possible because a long overseas telegram will move as an efficient aerial. The leads which are non shielded should be kept every bit short as possible to avoid capacitive yoke. As screening helps to avoid intervention from come ining the constituents circuit, the conducted harmonics can non be to the full shielded. It can be merely eliminated utilizing a filter which will take harmonics without impacting the existent signal. The different types of screening techniques are BLS ( board-level shields ) on PCB ‘s, RF and wire mesh gaskets and many more. Electrically Conductive Elastomers are widely used in autos as it shields from both environment and EMI. These can be custom made or cut into any form required for assortment of applications. These provide screening effectivity up to 120db at 10GHz. Nickel-zinc ferrite merchandises are used extensively in signal line and EMI filtering as overseas telegram nucleuss, bit beads, CAN-Bus choking coils and connection home bases.Testing of vehicle to run into EMC criterions:First proving the vehicles electronic unsusceptibility to radiated Fieldss can be tested by puting the vehicle in a big non-resonant chamber of 10m*10m*5m tallness in a RF ( Radio Frequency ) absorber being 1.5m long and expose it to a frequence scope of 1- 10GHz with radiating field strength of up to 60 v/m. The vehicle is being tested without any driver seated. Inside the trial auto really small as possible testing equipments are being placed to avoid any alteration in response of electronic systems caused by proving equipments. The vehicle is monitored to look into whether ECU or any electronic constituent behaviour is altered at high frequence scope with big field strength. In this trial ECU is connected to spectrum analyzer utilizing ocular fibre overseas telegram to happen out the maximal unsusceptibility degree that the ECU can defy. Spectrum analyser is besides used in proving of EMS and many other electronic microcontrollers. The current absorbed by wiring harness during this trial is more due to less distance from the radiating beginning. Sing vehicle placed at a distance of 20m, the current induced on wiring harness is being scaled up utilizing current injection technique to look into the behaviour of the system at higher effectual field strength. Three different places of aerial are used as sender by puting one in forepart of the trial vehicle and other two on sides. As batch of wiring harness is accumulated at sides and borders of the vehicle the field strength will be significantly greater at these corners. Testing at these corners will be done at big strength for approximately 100v/m for worst instance conditions. Testing vehicle is the accurate manner of look intoing the unsusceptibility of vehicle electronics to radiated field. However more convenient manner is to look into each and every constituent of electronics ( EG: on PCB ‘s ) during the design and fabrication phase as provider of these systems does n't necessitate vehicle to prove each electronic constituents. As most EMI occurs through wiring harness due to built-in yoke. The best method to prove systems unsusceptibility is by BCI ( Bulk Current Injection ) technique. The following testing measure involves mensurating the current absorbed by wiring harness while vehicle is being subjected to radiations of comparatively low field strength of 1v/m. This trial is done at unfastened trial site at a distance of 20m radiating aerial to forestall deformation from close field radiation effects and to subject the vehicle to uniformly distributed field. Different trials for far field strengths are conducted from 1-100v/m over a broad frequence scope utilizing different harnesses and field polarisations. Using BCI as a diagnostic technique in a EMC chamber on a whole vehicle testing degrees at which susceptibleness occurs at each system can be determined. This trial information will be helpful to increase the unsusceptibility of the system by making suited alteration to the needed systems. Assorted standard proving methods such as ISO can be used for both whole vehicle proving and system ( or constituent ) degree proving. Testing method of component degree proving will more frequently extinguish jobs happening at design provinces by doing whole vehicle proving more cost effectual. The major onboard constituents such as CAN Bus web, ECU, EMS, other electronic control systems which control operation of engine will be tested twice on circuit degree and on whole vehicle after its implemented. This would break turn out that system will run into the needed criterions. Thus clip involved in whole vehicle testing will be reduced doing it more immune to rough environments.

An Analysis Of A Doll s House Essay -- A Dolls House, Henrik Ibsen

A Doll’s House, by Henrik Ibsen, has created huge controversy since its creation in 1879. In fact, in order for Ibsen’s play to be shown in some theatres, he was required to rewrite an alternative ending, which he called â€Å"a barbaric outrage.† The three-act play is about an everyday housewife and mother of three children, Nora Helmer. In order to save her husband’s life, she forges her dying father’s signature and takes out a loan from Nils Krogstad. She spares any money Torvald gives her and secretly writes documents for money to pay back the loan in small portions. When her husband is promoted to manager at the bank, his first task is to terminate Krogstad. Krogstad threatens to tell Torvald about the crime Nora has committed unless she is able to persuade her husband to keep Krogstad. When Nora fails to preserve his job, Krogstad places Nora’s doom in the mailbox. Out of rage, Torvald demands his wife to leave but reads another letter from Krogstad saying he had a change of heart and would not reveal her crime to the public. Torvald begs Nora to stay. Nora senses she has been a doll to her father and husband her entire life and needs to leave to gain her independence. During this time society would reject the thought of a mother ever leaving her family; after all, this is her greatest duty. The United States government collected data of divorces over a one hundred year span from 1867 to 1967 and found â€Å"a consistent increase for a period of 80 years, 1867-1946† (Plateris 9). They also discovered that the rates â€Å"indicate that in 1890, the first year with data by martial status, 3.0 couples per 1,000 were divorced† (Plateris 9). Since we know there is a constant increase, we can also conclud 385). This quote proves her foolishness when she blames Torvald and her father for her own sin. No one forced Nora to commit her crime; she made the fully conscious decision by herself. Overall, Nora is unjustifiable for leaving her children and husband in order to find herself. Some say this was the beginning of the feminist movement but it was not. â€Å"All female or no woman at all, Nora loses either way, qualifying neither as a heroine nor as a spokeswoman for feminism. Her famous exit embodies only ‘the latest and shallowest notion of emancipated womanhood, abandoning her family to go out into the world in search of ‘her true identity’ † (Templeton 117). Nora is without justification when she chose to leave. She could have found alternatives to handle this situation in a better way but instead she remains narrow-minded, sophomoric, thoughtless, and self-centered.

Augustine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Augustine - Essay Example Original sin is a concept in Christianity which has evolved from the concept of, fall of mankind. Augustine describes the action of Adam and Eve as a foolish act which was guarded by confidence and pride, his emphasis being more on pride. He further elaborates that the stain of this action has affected all human beings and this trait is present in all human beings from their inception and no matter what they do in their entire life, they cannot escape from this taint. According to him when Adam and Eve committed the sin, it resulted in the reproduction of mankind which makes all humans his descendants born with the trait and tendency to commit sins. He states that all humans are born bad and remain so unless they ask for forgiveness and hence they are a denounced crowd. He teaches that all humans are subjected to physical attraction and sexual desire and is this feeling is not fulfilled it results in uneasiness and restlessness. He has stated humans to be sinners who lack the liberty to do well; they are corrupted in nature and possess the tendency to disobey God’s orders until they are granted godly grace. Augustine’s views on original sin contrasted with other philosophers’ notions and hence faced a lot of opposition. (Paul, 25) Works Cited Paul, Rigby. Original Sin in Augustine’s Confessions. University of Ottawa Press. 2000.

The ideas and practices associated with marketing emerged in response Essay

The ideas and practices associated with marketing emerged in response to the challenges posed by mass production, and these idea - Essay Example In addition, the adoption of marketing strategies in the face of increasing competition is discussed. The evolution of marketing On the advent of the factory, new products began to emerge while old products appeared in strikingly new forms. With the flooding of the market with uniformly mass produced products that were virtually indistinguishable from one another, branding was introduced to differentiate the products. Competitive branding evolved to compensate for the product similarity, thereby, achieving image based difference. Essentially, advertising changed from delivering product news to developing an image around a branded version of a product. Design theorists assert that logos were introduced to evoke familiarity in an effort to address the new and unsettling similarity of packaged goods. Brand names replaced small shop keepers as the interface between the consumer and the product (Klein, 2001, p.12). In recent years, marketing has gone into an overdrive with increasing numb ers of ads and aggressive new formulas for reaching customers. The astronomical growth rate of the advertising industry is well reflected by the 1998 projection which set the total ad spending at $196.5 billion while the global estimate was $435 billion. This figure outpaces the growth of the global economy by a third. This trend is attributed to the firmly held belief that brands need to continuously and constantly increase advertising in response to increased competition. According to the law of diminishing returns, as more firms increase their ads firms are under increasing pressure to aggressively market their brands (Arvisdsson, 2006, p.178). As a result of the competition, marketers invented more strategies to attract customers. This caused marketers to introduce more clever and intrusive selling techniques. For instance, Calvin Klein stuck CK Be perfume strips on the back of Ticketmaster concert envelopes to attract customers to the CK Be brand. Proponents of branding claim t hat markets where producers compete based only on price, promotions and trade deals are susceptible to product duplication leading to decreased profits. Some companies have over time integrated their respective brands in the fabric of their companies. Such companies mould a corporate culture around the brand. Everything within such organizations is an ad for the brand; this includes branding employees with such tags as partners, superstar CEOs and design consistencies (Brownlie, et al, 1999, p.379). New media has revolutionised the interaction between consumers and organizations characterized by a shift in power where consumers have more influence on the product. The rise of consumer generated content has turned consumers into content producers. Consumers now possess greater control over what is provided in corporate communications. The shifts in power have not only changed consumer expectations but also have changed purchasing decisions (Bob, 2005, p.285). There is extensive eviden ce of a decline in traditional media usage among advertisers. In response to changes in technology, marketers are shifting expenditure to new media options. New media has transformed many aspects of brand marketing such as segmentation and targeting through positioning, distribution and customer relation management (Bob, 2005, p.285). Marketing strategies Marketing strategies evolved as a result of the need by marketers to deal

Course Project Milestone Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Course Project Milestone - Research Paper Example Most of her body systems are well and functioning as they should (Kotecki, 2011, p. 170). The areas of weakness are her related traits and habits, and experiences of mild headaches. There are times when the patient feels so stressed by her past experiences. B. Client’s strengths The patient is active and exercises on a daily basis. She jogs and is involved in some activities in the community. This helps her kip fit and good shape, something that has helped her keep off most diseases (Kotecki, 2011, p. 170). Another area of strength for the patient is her health patterns. The patient ensures that she eats a healthy diet, and does not oversleep (Kotecki, 2011, p. 174). More to that, the patient’s excretory system is normal. To deal with her stresses, the patient attends stress management classes where she learns how to avoid the stress from affecting her health. Another area of strength is that she is a spiritual woman and has a positive attitude towards life and all arou nd her. All these have helped the woman to remain and stable, keeping off diseases that are likely to attack her and especially at her age. C. Areas of concern The woman complained of a persistent pain under her breast bone that lasted for quite some time. She also complained of some difficulties in breathing which prompted her to visit the health facility. One area that may place the woman’s health at risk is her habit of smoking and taking of alcohol(Golden, Fred, Heath, & William, 2009, 34). The woman tends to smoke heavily especially when under a lot of stress. This could place her at risk of acquiring problems especially with her respiratory system. Another area of weakness is that the lady was diagnosed with hypertension. This makes even her habit of smoking more risky. The patient is also allergic to Penicillin, because years back, she had developed a rash after an injection had been administered to her years back. The patient has a history of depression and anxiety wh ich resulted after she lost her husband 10 years ago. Her anxiety is due to the fact that she has not seen her grandkids yet and this increases her chances of getting a heart attack. The patient suffers from mild headaches that could be a result of anxiety and depression. D. Health teaching topics The patient needs to be given more classes on how to deal and manage her levels of stress, so as to reduce the chances of having a heart attack or suffering from high hypertension levels. The patient will also need to be taught about the dangers associated with smoking and especially for a person with hypertension and at her age. 2: Nursing Care Plan Next, plan your care based on your analysis of your assessment data: A. Diagnosis The patient’s priorities are having the best health care services at an affordable price. She does all she can to ensure that she remains healthy and free from chronic diseases which she says are not worth wasting resources over. With this in mind, the bes t nursing diagnosis is the wellness nursing diagnosis. B. Plan One goal that the wellness nursing diagnosis is expected to meet is that the patient’s health gets improved and the hypertension levels kept low. The expected outcome is that the patient will be in a more stable state of health. It is also expected that the headaches will reduce and hypertension levels will remain low. C. Intervention Intervention 1: to define and state a desired BP by explaining hypertension and the effects it has on body. Rationale: To increase the

Quantitative Research Questions and Hypothesis Assignment

Quantitative Research Questions and Hypothesis - Assignment Example These challenges relate to both the qualitative and quantitative aspects of data collection. These challenges may be tackled through the adoption of several strategies by the researcher. The challenge of reliability and accuracy of data collected may be tackled through the adoption of the strategy of using veracity software such as SPSS to analyze reliability and accuracy (Olsen, 2010). The challenge of inadequate time is also one of the most common issues facing researchers. In this regard, it is important that the dissertation task of data collection is started early enough in order to ensure that the process is not rushed thereby affecting its quality (Casley & Lury, 2002). Access to information, on the other hand, resents an even bigger problem since it is the most important aspect of the data collection process. In this regard the university’s resources and research databases such as EBSCO to access the required information is used. This will also be complemented by other sources such as Google Scholar and other personal learning materials such as text books. The challenge is the high costs of research in data collection. ... Your plan will include the following: Research problem Purpose of research Significance of research Quantitative Research questions and hypotheses Research design and rationale for its selection Be sure to include basic data collection considerations including sampling, population description, data collection procedures and feasibility of data collection Instrument description and validation Statistical analysis methods This assignment averages 1,000 to 1,200 words for most, please keep it short and simple. You are not here to summarize the theory or give definitions. Please apply the concepts directly to your topic of interest. Answer: The research will be undertaken on the self esteem levels of employees according to eight parameters: I feel good about my work on the job, on the whole I get along well with others at the workplace, I am proud of my ability to cope with challenges at the workplace, In moments of uncertainty at work I keep my cool, I feel a sense of belonging at my wo rk place, I have a good working relationship with my supervisors, I am proficient in handling talks without guidance or assistance, and I have the respect of my peers at work. In this regard, survey statement will be administered through questionnaires. The variables in this questionnaire will be buyer behavior and different promotional activities. These will be graded on a likert scale format in order to come up with levels of employee self esteem. These eight statements will be graded on the likert scale from strongly disagree, disagree, undecided, agree, to strongly agree (Jupp et al, 2006). Strongly disagree Somewhat disagree Somewhat agree Strongly agree I feel good about my work on the job Strongly disagree Somewhat disagree

Application of State and Federal Law within the Reservation Research Paper

Application of State and Federal Law within the Reservation - Research Paper Example These constitutions at one time gave the tribes quite a bit of power in making decisions and enforcing legal contracts with the people. However, over the last few years tribal power has been diminished with the most dramatic decrease happening with the Indian Civil Rights Act in 1968. Under this act, tribal courts are denied the power to impose sentences in criminal cases in excess of $5,000. and/or one year in jail (Robertson, 2001, pg 9). This has become a very big issue in taking care of criminal problems on the reservations. To add to the problem, if a tribal member feels their rights have been violated, they cannot take that to Federal Court, it has to go to Tribal Court. Congress has also made the tribes responsible for Environmental Laws as determined by the Federal Government as well as Federal Tax laws. The United States government maintains that it is the guardian for the tribes or trustee. This role came from the Cherokee Nation v Georgia ( Robertson, 2001, pg 3) This allows the Federal Government to hold the underlying fee title for reservation lands. That is why they are called trust lands. This guardianship capacity like all guardianship laws allows the Federal government to impose legislation affecting Indians that are the best for them. They are supposedly held to a very high standard for this. Tribal status under all of these laws is considered a political classification. Prohibitory State law applies to reservation land, regulatory does not always. This allows the State and Federal justice system to enforce environmental laws. The reason they can do this is because most environmental laws are prohibitory in nature. On the one hand the Federal government sees that they probably do not have the right to enforce such laws on Indian land but they are also responsible for the welfare of the people under their guardianship clause. It appears from many reviewed cases that the Federal government chooses to enforce when it is convenient to them (www.senat.leg). It is not done the same way every time. This is one of those places where the Reservation Court would not have jurisdiction to enforce because it is Federal law and because the charge is greater than $5,000. It places the tribal enforcement in a poor place because they cannot enforce but are obliged to report. In this case, the advantage seems to be on the side of the State and Federal governments. Another legal situation that has recently come to light based on the reservations and Federal law is the case the IRS and the auction of Indian lands to pay Internal Revenue taxes. This is one of the poorest Indian Reservations in the nation. The lands belong to the Crow Creek Sioux Tribe. The Federal government says they own Federal income taxes. The tribe has been trying to develop wind energy and this is the land that is set for that development. The land to be auctioned is 7100 acres (Martin, 2009). The law says that Indian tribes are not usually susceptible to tax laws. They are when there is business entities associated with the tribe. The IRS says the

Peer Influence on Individuals Behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Peer Influence on Individuals Behavior - Essay Example Additionally, studies have indicated that adolescents are more controlled by their peers compared to grown-ups. This increased vulnerability to peer compliance during adolescence has been expressed as an â€Å"emotional way station† that connects the gap between being expressively reliant on parents during babyhood to becoming an expressively independent grown-up (Fadell & Temkow, 2010). Influence from peers and peer choice are corresponding processes that collaborate to generate the adolescent’s social framework. Adolescents obtain friends who are comparable to them and they as well seem to get new friends who are somewhat similar to their old friends. This hemophilic selection process generates stability in the social framework. However, friends might be alike on one trait while being dissimilar on others and are never the same to the adolescent. These disparities generate opportunities for adolescents to influence the behavior of each other. In consequence of this influence, adolescents might alter their approaches or behaviors. Consequently, prospect friendship selection might reflect this change. Thus, the adolescent social framework is best considered as being dynamic where choice and influence collaborate to generate both stability and change for the adolescent (Luo, et al., 2003). Peer groups regularly institute unspecified standards for their members behavior that differentiate them from other peer groups. For instance, most high schools have groups of solemn students, musicians, insurgents, athletes, outsiders and collectively oriented or admired students. These groups form an esteemed chain of command since they have diverse statuses. The well-liked crowd, differentiated by luxurious clothing and striking physical appearance, are frequently the peer groups in the highest class. Adolescent’s confidence can be affected by how they perceive the grade of their individual peer group as compared to other groups. Grown-ups occasionally reproach

Analyze the Japanese-American Internment (War Relocation Camps, 1942) Research Paper

Analyze the Japanese-American Internment (War Relocation Camps, 1942) In the Years of WWII - Research Paper Example Prior to identifying the reasons based on which, the Japanese-American Internment was created during the years of WWII, it will be vital to mention that the decision for creating as well as executing such a power was made by the 32nd US President, Mr. Franklin Delano Roosevelt. It is strongly believed that power of the Japanese-American Internment was mainly created to address the issue of anti-Japanese sentiment with instant and severe action. The belief of the Americans regarding the Japanese people towards supporting in making effective planning with the motive of attacking Pearl Harbor eventually fuelled the issue, and urged the need for creating Japanese-American Internment. Besides, the Japanese-American Internment was also created for preventing further surveillance conducted by Japanese Americans living in the US. After the assault on Pearl Harbor, the Japanese American based community leaders and the people alleged to have collaboration with Japan were arrested. Acquiring a brief idea about the Japanese-American Internment, it becomes apparent that the said approach was mainly utilized for declaring that the individuals belonging to Japanese lineage were barred from the entire Pacific Coast, encompassing California and most of the regions of Washington as well as Oregon. The Japanese-American Internment approach was utilized for putting an end to the rising tensions prevailing between the then international relations of the US and Japan following the attack on Pearl Harbor.

Technology-the Future of Terrorism Essay Example for Free

Technology-the Future of Terrorism Essay From the extensive evolution of computers to the introduction and mass popularity of the Internet. From bombs to missiles, from bases to shuttles. The world of technology is seemingly endless. In modern times computers and the Internet possess tremendous power and have a wide range of capabilities for better or for worse. Terrorism is for the worse and yet unfortunately, the evolution of technology has advanced the means to commit acts of terrorism, both actual terrorism but also cyber terrorism. T hink about the seemingly endless depth of technology, the complex features that go into making a bomb mechanism, you can only come to the solid conclusion that yes, technology has had a worldwide effect on the act of terrorism. There are two ways in which you can view this obvious revelation into the grim world of terrorism. You can look at it with the first way as mentioned, that terrorism has unlocked doors for terrorists to use to their advantage; new hi-tech gadgets being illegally manufactured to their advantage on a daily basis, the Internet being seemingly insecure enough to meet fellow terrorists, hack into government files and plot all forms of terrorist attempts. It seems as though technology advances, the resources for terrorism flourish. The second way however contradicts the first in a sense; as technology improves and gives the terrorists new means to attack, with that comes new means to defend against them. High tech security measures such as CCTV cameras, infrared and heat sensors and seemingly space-age computer techniques make defending, foiling and preventing terrorist attacks much more easy than in the grim past. Ever since the New York bombings on September 11, 2001, not only America, but the entire world has been on the edge of their seats in fear, just waiting for an all out terrorist attack to throw the entire population of human-kind into disbelief and awe, followed by the beginning of world war 3. Bombs have been in existence for decades, gun power has been in existence for decades, does this count as technology? In a sense, yes, but it has been since the revelation of the power of the Internet that terrorism has reached its all time high. With the capabilities of hacking into important Government systems, terrorists have the power to view and take advantage of every week point available to a specific country. With the wounds exposed, the terrorists attack. Is there really any way to sense when an attack is coming? Ever since the 9/11 bombings in New York and the 7/7 bombings in London, many people automatically wrongly associate those of the Muslim faith to be terrorists. The war on terrorism has inadvertently invoked a new era of race issues and prejudice; inadvertently one may think, but could this be what the terrorists wanted? There is no question that technology has changed terrorism in both of the aforementioned ways, for better and for worse. As technology continues to advance, terrorists will continue to find new means of attacking, just as the government will find new means of defending against them. It is just one big cycle that keeps advancing as time goes by. Technology has the power to change the future of terrorism. It has the power to advance it and it has the power to destroy it. It is simply a question of which one will prevail first, which is in its entirety, a very scary thought. 2-Terrorism has existed for centuries and continues to be a very real threat in modern times. The techniques to carry out an act of terrorism may have changed, but the fundamentals of why terrorists decide to carry out a terrorist act have not. Cyber terrorism is a newer technique terrorists utilize to inflict their acts of violence, fear and intimidation on their targeted victims. While it may have changed the dynamics of how terrorism is carried out, the underlying factors are much the same. The purpose of terrorism is to inflict terror through acts such as force, violence or destruction. Historically this has been carried out through bombs, hostage taking, assassinations, hi-jackings and weapons of mass destruction attacks. Throughout history many different kinds of weapons or intimidation have been used to invoke terror towards others. Technology is the latest tool employed to meet this destructive objective. Cyber terrorism is the newest approach and it is one which has high potential to bring about devastating results much like the kinds of preceding violent attacks, but on a grander scale. Todays politically motivated attacks are launched with the intention to cause weighty harm, and cyber attacks certainly have high potential to trigger severe injury, economical damage and even death. Many nations across the globe rely upon their technical infrastructures. What better way to terrorize people than to attack the very foundation their society is built upon and relies on to survive? Many nations take the act of cyber terrorism seriously because it threatens the very core and existence of their society. Technology does not change the act of terrorism per se because the same ntents which have always been present when a radical commits an act of terror are there. Their goal is often to cause bodily and financial harm. Terrorism is an act primarily fueled by hatred and intolerance for those who are different. With the advent of technology terrorists have found another weapon they can utilize to cause widespread damage. It is in this respect that technology has changed terrorism. While technological advances have not necessarily changed the intents for terrorism, theyve certainly impacted what radicals are capable of and this is where terrorism has changed. What it has done is provide the terrorists with another method to commit an act of terror and reach a larger number of victims. It also provides terrorists with an opportunity to pinpoint specifictargets without ever having to set foot on the soil of the region they are attacking. -google earth Cyber terrorism is a very real concern and security issue in todays world. The U. S. government has cyber attacks listed right up there with nuclear, chemical and biological threats. Although while cyber terrorism may not be a weapon of mass destruction, it is a weapon of disruption which is also harmful (Linda Volonino, Principles and Practice of Information Security). Can you imagine if an entire banking, emergency service, power plant, telecommunications, military or government infrastructure fell victim to a successful cyber terrorist attack? This could bring down the heart of an economy or government. Even if one target of this list was cyber attacked it would cause mass chaos or in some cases worse if it resulted in injury or death. While the motivators of terrorism remain the same, when terrorists use technology as a weapon it has strong potential to be a very dangerous one which can result in mass destruction. The problem with technology is that it never stands still. What is new today is out of date within a year and while many see this is progress, it produces difficulties when we apply it to something like terrorism. And its usually the counter-terrorists who are playing second fiddle to the terrorists responding to their advances and uses of new technology. It shows that while technology can have its uses, it also has many weaknesses. The computer is extremely useful to modern life and our fight against terrorism, but is also useful to the terrorist in carrying out their everyday work. In short, technology has changed terrorism dramatically and will continue to do so, like a stone gathering snow as it rolls down a hill. Technology has opened up opportunities for both sides but it also means that neither can win but the war between them can only become more violent, more deadly and more extreme. Technology has changed Terrorism because it has allowed terror networks to communicate with other terrorists and media networks around the world. Alqeada promotes videos recruiting susceptible to disaffected Muslims who disagree with the US policies in and around Muslim countries. The Internet is an unlimited vast resource which can advance humanity when used for good purposes but with limited laws regarding the Internet because of the ever changing technologies, it is difficult to make laws to keep up with the growing technology. Terror groups exploit this and use websites for propaganda purposes, recruitment of Arabs and Muslims to radical extremism. Terror groups are using the Internet to funnel money from charity groups in the US and Europe to finance their terror organizations by collecting charitable donations from mosques and other religious institutions. The US is constantly monitoring suspected organizations affiliated with radical groups and keep an eye on the banking transactions sent abroad. Video games which help many control and develop skills in shooting, driving air planes, and driving cars. The FBI monitors merchants which sell video technology to Afghanistan and Pakistan because any technology which can be used to teach or advance technical skills are restricted. Recently, the Obama and the McCain campaigns were hacked into by a foreign government trying to know their policies in advance. the US has to develop a system to protect themselves from the Chinese government and hackers which constantly launch cyber attacks against many other countries besides the US. The Chinese are notorious for stealing information and technologies from other governments. Since 9/11 Terrorists have been trying to reach the US and launch a large scale attack against the US and its allies. Security has tighten in airports, intelligence agencies have infiltrated these terror cells in the US and abroad and have stopped many planned attacks such as the NYC Lincoln tunnel attack. Many of these terror networks have lost their ability to organize an attack such as that of 9/11. The US government has a cyber anti terror network in the Pentagon and in many key government agencies protecting from the many cyber attacks that are launched against these agencies on a daily basis. Terrorist groups which have the inability to harm Americans on US soil may launch a cyber attack that could cripple Wall Street, destroy our infrastructure by hacking into electric plants, airports, transportation systems and banking industry. The Us still has outdated technologies regarding electric company grids which have not been updated into modern systems, it was rumored that last year when the entire East Coast lost electricity that it was a cyber attack the electric companies denied this rumor and said it was just to much usage and the system could not carry load. America has to develop technologies to counter cyber attacks and even use the foreign nations hacking against them by sending back a virus or worm that could destroy their system to discourage future cyber attacks. The Us should develop laws and catch up with the ever changing technologies regarding money laundering and funneling of illegal money to Terror organizations using US and European banks, there should be a coalition between major banks around the world to catch this activity and cut out all their money because without money the terrorists cant buy weapons and recruit people actively. TV reports throughout the world about the technology tools probably used by the terrorists in their effort to execute their hideous attack against the USA are sensational. Firstly, their communications must have been encoded to a point that intelligence services all over the world did not have the slightest idea that a criminal act of so grand a scale was on the way to be executed. We have heard from extravagant tools that can hide messages within the photographic images’ dots (stenography), satellite mobiles that encode communication and so on. All these TECHSare existent as well as widespread-even the mobiles we, simple citizens use nowadays encode our conversation, still in a relatively simple way, so that absolute security is not offered. The issue immediately raised is how and why such technologies have been released in the market, since the fact that they are to be used by bloodthirsty terrorists to assassinate thousands of people, is certain. The question of dangerous technology is a fair, yet a simplistic one. The first issue one has to think about is that once a technology is born, there is no way for it to be restricted on a long-term basis. It is knowledge, and knowledge cannot be stopped with wire fences. Even in the event of technology diffusion being restricted by law, its possession by criminals cannot be prevented, and that constitutes another problem. They are in possession of the means and of the financial support to acquire it:. The second question that has to be raised is, â€Å"to what extent should we accept â€Å"dangerous† technology ban? Should that be Cryptography? Should that be Flight Simulation Programs? (let us not forget that it is quite possible that the terrorists had been trained as to how to approach their targets using the Microsoft Flight Simulator program, one amongst the most common programs in the world. ) Technology and Terrorism: a brief Scenario Technology is double bladed sword and is to be handled with due care. It can be utilized for the welfare of the society as discussed earlier. Misuse of the same will definitely damage and destruct the society like anything. The scientists and researchers of the whole world are trying their best to explore newer technology for the benefit of the society. But their dreams have been shattered and certain anti social elements have misused the modern technology in terrorism Modern technology has added great terrors and horrors to terrorism. Modern technology has also been characterized as a negative response to globalization. The terrorists are using and trying to use every possible technological resource to fulfill their evil targets. They are utilizing the knowledge of various engineering disciplines which mainly includes Computes I. T. Electronics and Telecommunications, Ammunition Engineering, Bio technology, space engineering, Chemical science and other core branches of engineering too. Technology: A tool misused by terrorists. Terrorists are employing various communication devices for easy, faster and optimized communications. It is observed that they are mainly taking the help of cell phones, radio audio signals, micro chips (a data handling device) and other advanced electronics and telecommunication devices. It is proved that they are widely using Laptops and Internet services and software to plan, develop and fund terrorist activities.

Household Tasks Assignments Essay Example for Free

Household Tasks Assignments Essay As the head cleaner of the apartment, I have been responsible to keep things orderly and neatly in the house. I have presented to become the head cleaner because I truly believe that my housemates should not be worrying that much about the household chores with a house cleaning timetable suited to them. The earlier system of assigning different individuals in the house has been convenient for everyone and effective in maintaining the cleanliness of the apartment. However, since our fellow housemate Hannah has already graduated, the task assignments will be re-distributed to five left house members. The new schedule of each individual is also a factor why the task assignments will be different this year. I hope everybody will adapt to the new rules and regulations regarding the tasks assigned to you and be responsible for the specified chores. Questions, comments and suggestions in these task assignments will be entertained tomorrow (date), at around 3 in the afternoon. ? Additional chore: On Saturdays, Edsam and Jane are responsible for grocery shopping. ? Additional chore: On Saturdays, Sherwin will pay the bills. ? Schedule of washing clothes in during the weekends. ? Jessie (the dog) needs to be groomed every Saturday. James is in charge of that. ? If a house member has a valid excuse for not doing his or her specified chore, another house member will be assigned to do it. ? Failure to do the specified chore without a valid excuse means a $5 fine.

Trauma Narratives in Post-War and Postcolonial Fiction

Trauma Narratives in Post-War and Postcolonial Fiction Trauma Narratives in Post-War and Postcolonial Fiction â€Å"There are wounds that never show on the body that are deeper and more hurtful than anything that bleeds.† Laurel K. Hamilton, Mistral’s Kiss â€Å"The traumatized soul finds no rest in conditions of peace. It’s forever questing for violence, for action, for the same combination of factors which gave rise to it in the first place.† Matthew S. Williams I. Introduction From a hunting-gathering economy and communal property, societies have developed to today’s market-oriented, profit-driven economies and privatization. In the span of history, the transitions and developments of nations are determined by its struggle for survival. These include the desire to expand territories for raw materials and showcase of power which have led to the wars and conflicts that we know from our history books. We now live in an age of global economies, high-tech industries, cyber technology, and an even more complex geopolitics. Modernity has caused a lot of suffering aside from its advantages. We have advanced in curing a number of diseases, replaced manual labor with automated machines, revved up academic research and discovered alternative energy resources yet we still face socio-political, economic, cultural and environmental issues today. These include demanding jobs but below average salaries, unmet social needs and services, political instability and even environmental disasters. These lead to civil unrest, rise of assorted nationalist and separatist movements and other issue-specific mobilizations, and even armed resistance. There are also intangible forces at play which contribute to humanity’s dilemma. Traditional values, social constraints, taboos, inequalities, and the role of religion reinforce the contradictions experienced by an individual. One should also keep in mind the role of history. Stronger nations invade and occupy smaller and weaker ones to expand their influence and enforce them to be their subjects. A good example for this is the Spanish colonization of the Philippines and the historical events that followed. These unsettling experiences demoralize people and poses great effects to their mentality. This paper will explore the function of literature as a testimony of traumatic experiences and as an embodiment of individual and collective memory. The works of John Updike, William Golding and F. Sionil Josà ©, a Filipino English-language writer, will be the focus of this research of post-war and postcolonial fiction. Their works can be read as manifestations of trauma and demonstrate the psychological effects of historical and catastrophic events such as armed conflicts and the post-war, postcolonial condition as they are experienced by the characters in their novels. In addition, we will look at the authors’ style of writing in preserving memories of psychic pain and suffering and how successful they are in representing traumatic experiences in fiction. Using different literary theories, we will also try to explore several issues such as identity, social and gender roles and social classification among others. Through reading these literary texts, we can hope to see more in the historical realm and uncover long forgotten issues of the past and link it to the present. My thesis is divided into several parts. The first part will define trauma and establish the existing theoretical bases of its studies in literature. Here I shall determine how trauma is represented in literature and how it contains memories of pain and suffering and how it functions in its recollection. Trauma will be analyzed in this chapter as not being a theoretically ‘fixed-in-time’ phenomenon but rather unpredictably experienced through different contexts that reminds a traumatized individual of a horrifying experience. The next chapter is where I look at the thin line between trauma and fiction. I shall recall the basic functions of literature and understand the significance of trauma in literature. There is that difficulty of articulating memories of a dark past and an overwhelming experience whether it is recent or long forgotten, and through writing fiction an individual is provided an opportunity to express it in a less obtrusive method instead of an intrusive one-to-one conversation. I shall also evaluate the healing function of writing trauma in fiction as an individual and a collective. The following chapter will be the introduction of the works of John Updike, an American writer, William Golding, an English writer, and Francisco Sionil Josà ©, a Filipino English-language writer. Here I will discuss the contexts of trauma in their works and tackle the themes in their works, as well as, the different literary elements that complete their whole work that embody memories of a traumatic past such as memories of war, resistance, and other modes of violence. The last part will be the conclusion and synthesis of the significance of writing trauma narratives in fiction and the highlights of representation of memory and trauma. II. Theories of Trauma Theories of trauma are not new in the field of literary studies. In her introduction to Trauma: Explorations in Memory, Cathy Caruth states that the issue of trauma is derived from different discourses which include psychiatry, psychoanalysis and sociology that addressed the questions after catastrophic wars (Caruth 3: 1995). Today, there has been an even more increasing interest in trauma as a research topic in literature. Works such as Laurie Vickroy’s Trauma and Survival in Contemporary Fiction and Debora Horvitz’s Literary Trauma: Sadism, Memory, and Sexual Violence in American Women’s Fiction are some of the recent studies. By 1980, trauma became a â€Å"solid status of inquiry† and became known as Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) by the American Psychiatric Association (Caruth 3). This phenomenon included what the soldiers experienced after combat such as symptoms of â€Å"shell shock, combat stress, delayed stress syndrome, and traumatic neurosis† (Caruth 3). Due to its official recognition as a pathological classification, it provided means in diagnosing other reactions to extreme events that affect the human psyche. These include not only the effects of fighting in the battlefield or aftereffects of an environmental disaster, but also rape, child abuse, and other violent situations (Caruth 3). In her master dissertation, Minczingerovà ¡ points out that traumatic experience â€Å"fails to be integrated into the consciousness and continues to haunt the survivors later on through flashbacks, dreams and intrusive thoughts. (2)† In the most general definition, Caruth defines trauma as an overwhelming experience of sudden catastrophic events (Caruth 29: 1996). She further states that: From [Freud’s] early claims, in the Project for a Scientific Psychology, that a trauma consist of two scenes—the earlier (in childhood) having sexual content but no meaning, the later (after puberty) having no sexual content but sexual meaning—to his later claims, in Moses and Monotheism, that trauma occurs only after latency period, Freud seems to have been concerned [†¦] with the way in which trauma is not a simple or single experience of events but that events, insofar as they are traumatic, assume their force precisely in their temporal delay. (Caruth 9: 1995) This brings us to Michelle Balaev’s point in literary criticism on trauma in fiction in which she underlines the importance of â€Å"the relationship between psychic trauma, memory and landscape.† Her interest on the concept of trauma is not it being a temporal but rather a spatial phenomenon since it is not just registered in one setting but rather experienced further and tends to â€Å"resurface in flashbacks, nightmares, and repetitive reenactments (Rodi-Risberg 2012).† As a subject that involves the human psyche, it is imperative to discuss the contributions of Sigmund Freud to the field of trauma studies. Minczingerovà ¡ points out that: He is still a prominent figure at least in the cultural and literary studies of trauma (even though he is often dismissed in therapeutic and medical discourses), and also because this thesis draws upon some of his concepts, albeit, as it will be pointed out, in a slightly different way from Freud’s intended usages (3). Freud was troubled about the soldiers who returned home after the First World War who â€Å"displayed symptoms of what came to be known as shell shock (Minczingerovà ¡ 3).† He coined the term â€Å"repetition compulsion† which concluded his observation that a person who experienced an overwhelming situation such as war tend to be obsessed at reliving or reenacting the event. A. Running away as a defense mechanism in Updike’s Rabbit, Run Around 1958, John Updike suffered an existential crisis, one that have been brewing for several years. He explained in his work Odd Jobs, â€Å"Amid my new responsibilities, I felt fearful and desolate, foreseeing, young as I was, that I would die, and that the substance of the earth was, therefore, death.† He was saved from this abyss by two writers, namely, Sà ¸ren Kierkegaard (Danish existentialist writer) and Karl Barth (German theologian). Aside from giving answers to his religious and philosophical questions, both writers provided Updike the necessary tools to create his own theological and aesthetic vision which have influenced his literary writing, circling on matters of moral debate and goodness of man. And Rabbit, Run tells us a story of a person going through this kind of conflict, his contradictions in life and how he deals with them. The central figure of the novel is Harry â€Å"Rabbit† Angstrom, 26-year-old, former high school basketball MVP, who is trapped in a failing marriage, and has a life full of frustration, dissatisfaction and weariness that results to his escapism and therefore hurting those around him. He is married to Janice Springer-Angstrom only because he got her pregnant with Nelson, who is now a toddler. Wanting to escape, he abandons both Nelson and Janice who is already pregnant with their second child Rebecca June. He goes to his former coach Marty Tothero to ask help or guidance with his life. Instead, they go out to see girls and Rabbit meets Ruth, winding up together. While living with Ruth, Jack Eccles, a young local minister, tries to fix Rabbit and Janice’s marriage. At first, Rabbit was dismissive about the idea of going back to her but when he realizes she was going to labor, he leaves Ruth and rushes to the hospital. After seeing Janice’s condition, Rabbit sort o f falls in love with her again. Rabbit then becomes consumed with his carnal desire for Janice but she (after a 9-month pregnancy, being left by Rabbit for another woman, and a hard labor) did not have the capability of having sex with him. It was that night when he wanted to make love with her but then she shoved him off telling him that she is not a whore. This frustration pushes him to walk away again. This time, making Janice even more miserable, thinking that Rabbit left for good. She continues her drinking and smoking habit but even worse this time. One day, she got so drunk that she drowns their baby, Rebecca, in the bathtub. Upon hearing the news, Rabbit goes back home. At the funeral, he tells Janice it was his fault. But at the end of the day, he lashes out and puts the blame on Janice. He runs away again, going back to Ruth. Apparently, Ruth is pregnant and Rabbit is the father. He is happy and he tells her he wants them to get married. But Ruth tells him that there will be nothing between him and her an d the baby if he does not divorce his wife, Janice. He agrees to this term, then decides to go out and buy some food. On the way, he starts to doubt his decisions, the hard choice of leaving Janice for Ruth and the future of his son, Nelson. All these put him on so much pressure so he, as you may expect, runs away again. Rabbit Angstrom’s story does not require much philosophizing. His leaving is an impulsive action to escape from being trapped in a net. To understand his life, we must look at the political events and other historical forces at that time, which he barely was aware of. Through this method, we will be aware of the apparent themes in this novel. He was born in the thirties when critical historical events were happening and affected the international scene, mainly the Great Depression which was the best platform for other world powers to invade weaker nations. When Franklin Roosevelt was inaugurated as the president of the United States, he initiated the social welfare program called â€Å"New Deal† to combat the effects of and recover from the Great Depression. Employment rate skyrocketed due to America’s participation in the Second World War that resulted from the economic and political crisis. This has led to forcing most men to the combat field and women taking o ver men’s jobs. Returning from the battlefield, men grew weary and women returned to their mostly boring domestic roles. Rabbit, being one of those who gave service during the war, came back home wanting to satisfy himself with all the pleasure he can get. But he feels incomplete and unsatisfied which led him to seek for divine guidance that can light up his way or at least a human being he can look up to like his coach Tothero. He goes bored and weary of old age so he wants to relieve his younger days. This can be seen in the opening of the novel when he joins a group of young boys playing basketball and also his giving in to his sexual fantasies. However, Janice and Nelson plus his personal issues with his parents keep him anchored. This is why he always tries to run from everything, to taste freedom and find a new purpose in life. But while he runs away, everything catches up with him. Janice, who I consider a victim of her environment, is bound to an unpleasant fate. Getting pregnant before marriage was considered immoral during her younger days so she was forced to marry Rabbit. However, their marriage somehow locks her down as well. Women were expected to play domestic roles and Janice, probably thinking of achieving greater things in life, became frustrated and bored resulting to her being alcoholic and a smoker. Moreover, the media influenced many housewives on the illusion of beauty. It should be noted that Barbie became a popular icon during that time and other famous women who were considered models of perfection. Ideal families were also portrayed on regular television shows which motivated women to struggle for a perfect household. Somehow, this fact pressured her too, aside from Rabbit’s departure and living with another woman that led to her despair. Looking at the novel critically, we will realize that Rabbit’s actions are connected to his environment. It begs the question how he was raised by his parents and if he had a healthy childhood. His search for the divine, for someone he can look up to reveals the fact that he is yearning for parental love that his parents was probably not able to satisfy. A scene in the novel when Rabbit sneaks to his parents’ house and looks through the window, and describes how his parents take care of his son Nelson, means that there is inside of him a longing for affection. Yet he cannot go back to his childhood and make things happen the way he wants it to be. This creates a feeling of nothingness inside of him. However, given his freedom as an adult he is completely free to do anything. But with no one who can genuinely guide him will eventually lead to his downfall.

Sport Psychology :: essays research papers

A Summary of: The Psychosocial Characteristics of Olympic Track and Field Athletes Fortunately, it was quite a simple task to find a research topic related to the material that we have covered so far in sport psychology. After some quick searching, we ran across a rather interesting article written in the International Journal of Sport Psychology that could obviously be useful. Conveniently, it was in the most recent issue of this particular journal available in the Evansdale Library. Entitled, Psychosocial Characteristics of Olympic Track and Field Athletes, this article happened to be one that we could easily relate too. Because both of us are runners, we share a definite commonality with the subjects of the study. This is true, even though neither of us will actually make it to the Olympics to perform at the subjects' standards. At least, though, it is possible to relate highly to these interesting people. Basically, the purpose of this particular study was to identify the specific personality characteristics of 15 Olympic caliber track and field athletes. Certainly, several people, especially sport psychologists, would like to know if there are specific attitudes and personalities that belong to the topnotch athletes of the world. Pretty simple request, right? Or at least it sounds that way. To perform this experiment, each of the athletes was asked six standardized questions. For instance, one of the questions focused directly on the subject of â€Å"How do you prepare for a competition.† The athletes’ responses to these questions were recorded word for word and analyzed for content. Interestingly enough, typical themes could be found throughout their responses. For example, some of the athletes would mention that a higher power was some how related to everything that they have done. The people performing this study would relate this to the category of spiritual/ religious factors. Also, a couple of the runners claimed that their lives were completely based on the theme of mental skills and attitudes such as hard work and perseverance. It was very easy to notice that these themes appeared time after time, for each question answered by the same person. The researchers concluded that these emerging themes play an important role in the psychological development of each athlete. While it isn’t a direct correlation, the work these researchers have done could be somewhat related to developments in psychological skills training.

Procrastination :: Personal Narrative Essays

Procrastination It is Monday morning and I have slept in, thanks to Thanksgiving. In fact, it's twelve o'clock and I am free for the afternoon. As usual, I sit in front of the television after I clean myself up, staring endlessly at the screen with my finger clicking on the remote. I realize that I have a draft due on Thursday, but I justify my procrastination with reasons like: "there is still lots of time." Life is faster now, and people in the 00's are supposed to organize and plan in order to keep up; however, it seems to me that more people are procrastinating than ever before. When I ask people why they procrastinate, they often supply reasons like: this task won't take me a long time; the pressure makes me to work more efficiently; there were emergencies; and there were other important things. Some of these reasons sounds legitimate, but I think these reasons are just excuses for people's fear of failure, fear of lost security, and need for pressure. Back high school, I had a friend, Eric, who dropped out of school because of bad grades. As his friend, I knew he was doing fine until the period of final exams. He was a smart and responsible person which laziness is not a factor of his bad grades. Eric could not pick up the books soon enough before the exam because he was afraid of failure. Since Eric's older brothers had achieved excellence academic records and great careers, Eric' parents expected him to follow his brothers' foot step. As the result, Eric was afraid to try because he feared to fail his parents' expectation. When he realized the problem, it was too late. It is two o'clock in the morning. The computer is on, the coffee maker is cooking, and I am under a lot of stress. "There isn't a lot of time left," I keep telling my self as I watch the blank piece of paper in front of me. "I know I can do it," I keep encouraging my self while my mind generates zero ideas for my essay: which is due six hours from now. Everyone I know procrastinates, my friends, relatives, even people in government. Back in Taipei, the Mayor, Mayor Chen, delayed getting rid of gangs in the city. "I am going to issue a policy that will eventually stop gangs from spreading in our community," promised Mayor Chen of Taipei during his election campaign. Mayor Chen won the election, but he didn*t do anything about the gangs Procrastination :: Personal Narrative Essays Procrastination It is Monday morning and I have slept in, thanks to Thanksgiving. In fact, it's twelve o'clock and I am free for the afternoon. As usual, I sit in front of the television after I clean myself up, staring endlessly at the screen with my finger clicking on the remote. I realize that I have a draft due on Thursday, but I justify my procrastination with reasons like: "there is still lots of time." Life is faster now, and people in the 00's are supposed to organize and plan in order to keep up; however, it seems to me that more people are procrastinating than ever before. When I ask people why they procrastinate, they often supply reasons like: this task won't take me a long time; the pressure makes me to work more efficiently; there were emergencies; and there were other important things. Some of these reasons sounds legitimate, but I think these reasons are just excuses for people's fear of failure, fear of lost security, and need for pressure. Back high school, I had a friend, Eric, who dropped out of school because of bad grades. As his friend, I knew he was doing fine until the period of final exams. He was a smart and responsible person which laziness is not a factor of his bad grades. Eric could not pick up the books soon enough before the exam because he was afraid of failure. Since Eric's older brothers had achieved excellence academic records and great careers, Eric' parents expected him to follow his brothers' foot step. As the result, Eric was afraid to try because he feared to fail his parents' expectation. When he realized the problem, it was too late. It is two o'clock in the morning. The computer is on, the coffee maker is cooking, and I am under a lot of stress. "There isn't a lot of time left," I keep telling my self as I watch the blank piece of paper in front of me. "I know I can do it," I keep encouraging my self while my mind generates zero ideas for my essay: which is due six hours from now. Everyone I know procrastinates, my friends, relatives, even people in government. Back in Taipei, the Mayor, Mayor Chen, delayed getting rid of gangs in the city. "I am going to issue a policy that will eventually stop gangs from spreading in our community," promised Mayor Chen of Taipei during his election campaign. Mayor Chen won the election, but he didn*t do anything about the gangs

Puss in Boots by Charles Perrault Essay -- Fairy Tale Children Story

Charles Perrault’s classic fairy-tale Puss-in-Boots has been admired and loved by children and adults alike for centuries. This engaging tale features a walking, talking cat who goes out into the world to make his young master’s fortune. It is an adventure of the side-kick hero, of the loyal friend and devoted underling who has only his own exquisite wit and industriousness to help him on his quest. It is also a story with one of the most enigmatic and perplexing protagonists in fairy-tale culture. Puss is a feline who embodies ancient cat symbols in a uniquely paradoxical fashion; he is a female entity in a male character as well as a magical and demonic totem who is perceived as such by only a select few. Cats have always had a powerful feminine aspect to their image. This is little surprise considering the number of ancient cultures who associated cats with goddess worship. The Egyptians placed a cat’s head upon their goddess Bast, both the Greeks and Romans made cats attributes of their virgin huntress goddesses Artemis and Diana, and the Norse goddess Freya drove a chariot drawn by cats (Walker 367). As Hans Bierdermann comments, one can see â€Å"the frequent feline metaphors in misogynist expressions and clichà ©s: ‘a cat fight’ between two women, a ‘catty remark...’† (60). One may then ask about Perrault’s motives behind using a female symbol in the creation of the male Puss. Upon close inspection of the text, the need for the feminine cat becomes evident, and is addressed right at the beginning of the story. The cat must immediately be seen as a relatively useless thing, incapable of the heavy labour needed to generate a reasonable living, unlike the mill or the ass bestowed upon the two ol... ...e Meanings Behind Them. Trans. James Hulbert. New York: Facts on File Inc, 1992 Julien, Nadia. The Mammoth Dictionary of Symbols: Understanding the Hidden Language of Symbols. London: Robinson Publishing, 1996. Morgan, Jeanne. Perrault’s Morals for Moderns. New York: Peter Lang Publishing Inc, 1985. Opie, Iona, and Peter Opie. â€Å"Puss in Boots.† The Classic Fairy Tales. New York: Oxford University Press, 1974. 142 - 146. Perrault, Charles. â€Å"Puss-in-Boots.† Folk and Fairy Tales. 3rd ed. Ed. Martin Hallett and Barbara Karasek. Ontario: Broadview Press Ltd, 2002. 155 - 159. Walker, Barbara G. The Woman’s Dictionary of Symbols and Sacred Objects. New York: Harper & Row, 1988. Zipes, Jack. â€Å"Of Cats and Men.† Out of the Woods: The Origins of Literary Fairy Tale in Italy and France. Ed. Nancy L. Canepa. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1997. 176 - 193.

An African American Fight for Respect Essay

For thousands of years women have been fighting for many things, one of the most important being respect. Some people may think respect for a woman is simply holding the door for her as she walks through, pulling her chair out for her before she is seated, or maybe just standing when she leaves the table; but respect is so much more than that. Respect is a feeling of deep admiration for someone elicited by their abilities, qualities, or achievements. Respect is a feeling that cannot just be given to someone, it is a feeling that must be earned, fought for, or rewarded. For the African American woman, respect did not come by so easily no matter how hard they fought or even if they earned it. Examples of the African American woman fighting for her respect, has once upon a time been one of the many themes during all literary periods. The two works that I chose have the similar theme of respect. The literary pieces are â€Å"Sweat† by Zora Neale Hurston and â€Å"The Color Purple† by Alice Walker. These two works show the same theme of respect for black women and the struggle for it from men. Though both stories have comparisons that could go on for days, they just as well have their differences by the way the handle the theme of respect. Alice Walker has been writing stories and poetry for many years. As a graduate of Spelman College she was given great opportunities and was given a solid education. Women’s rights and respect has always been two topics close to Alice’s heart. It has been said, that â€Å"Alice Walker expresses the struggles of black people, particularly women, and their lives in a racist, sexist, and violent society. † Her writings also lean more towards the roles of black women through culture and history. On March 3, 2008 Alice Walker was arrested on International Women’s Day for crossing the police line at a rally in front of The White House. Walker has set a standard and has never had any need or want to change it. Of the many stories that Alice Walker has written, the one that stands out the most to me dealing with the female struggle for respect is the story made movie and musical, â€Å"The Color Purple. † â€Å"The Color Purple,† is a story written in 1982 that has won multiple awards and recognitions for its not so classy taste and realistic views. Some of these awards being from the Blue Ribbon Awards, Black Movie Awards, Golden Globe Awards, eleven nominations during the Oscars, and plenty more. The main characters in â€Å"The Color Purple,† are Celie Harris Johnson and Mister Albert Johnson. Celie has been abused since she was just a young girl; she had two children by her father Leonard and she is forced to marry Albert, a young widower, by the age of fourteen. During her years of being married to Albert, she is taunted, disrespected, beaten, and abused up until she turns her life around when she meets Shug Avery, a well-known Jazz singer, who comes to live with the couple. Shug takes it upon herself to help Celie raise her self-confidence so she can not only stand up to her husband and demand respect, but to feel beautiful about herself inside and out. By the end of the story, Celie stands up to Avery and is finally reconnected with the family that was once taken away from her. Another great black female author who proudly carries the theme of respect in her stories is Zora Neale Hurston. Hurston, a graduate of Howard University, was a well-known author during the Harlem Renaissance. Hurston is most known for her famous literary piece entitled, â€Å"Their Eyes Were Watching God† which caught the eyes of readers around the world. Like Alice Walker, Zora Neale Hurston has also won multiple awards for her fabulous novels, short stories, and poems. The story â€Å"Sweat† written by Zora Neale Hurston takes place in a small all black town located near Orlando, Florida. This story, like many others with disrespect towards the wife, starts off with husband Sykes taunting his wife Delia by tricking her into thinking that the whip he throws over her shoulders is a snake, knowing she is deadly terrified of them. Throughout the story, Delia deals with infidelity, abuse, rumors, and taunting from her husband. Towards the end of the story, her husband buys a rattlesnake and refuses to take it back where he found it from, knowing his wife is terrified. In the end, that very snake gets loose, bites, and kills him; Delia stands their watching him die. The website articlemyriad. com states â€Å"The reader can speculate on whether or not Delia was too afraid to move to get help for her husband, but it is the general consensus that she purposefully let him die. While you could argue both, if you are going to contend that she was just afraid, you’d better take a closer look at the text before trying to defend your point. † One of the greatest comparisons in this story is the lack of respect the husbands have for their wives, a marriage is supposed to be filled with trust, respect, love, and honesty, all of which the two marriages in â€Å"The Color Purple† and â€Å"Sweat† lacked. Although there are many comparisons, there were also contrasts in the two stories, although not exactly easy to find with a closed mind. A contrast in these two stories to me that stood out the most were the personalities of the two wives in the stories. In â€Å"The Color Purple,† Celie is abused and taken advantage of, but holds a quiet tongue until the end; Delia in â€Å"Sweat† is abused and taken advantage of , but she always speaks her mind and portrays her true feelings towards something. With these two stories I felt it was good to have the personalities of the women who wanted respect to be completely different so that I could compare and contrast just a bit more clearly. One was more hidden and kept feelings to herself, the other more outgoing and stronger like all women should be. In conclusion, respect for women, especially blacks, has been a subject that will always be discussed and fought for. Zora Neale Hurston and Alice Walker described the struggle for respect in many similar and different ways. I stated earlier that for thousands of years women have been fighting for many things, one of the most important being respect and that respect was a feeling that cannot just be given to someone, it is a feeling that must be earned, fought for, or rewarded. I am proud of the long way that not only African American women have come, but women all race and I am blessed to have such profound women to look up to. Women in the past who have fought for our rights set a high standard for the rest of us to follow and I look forward to doing just so. Works Cited 1. The Norton Anthology of African American Literature: Second Edition Henry Louis Gates Jr. & Nellie Y. McKay.